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MSC
The Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is the primary service delivery node for GSM. The system is responsible for handling voice calls and SMS as well as other services.               

The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and hand-over requirements during the call. In GSM, data is sent directly, digitally encoded to the MSC. 

Various different names for MSCs in different contexts exist. The Gateway MSC is the system that determines which MSC the subscriber who is being called is currently located in. It also interfaces with the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). All mobile to mobile calls and PSTN to mobile calls are routed through a GMSC. The second reference may be the Visited MSC which is the MSC a customer is currently located. The VLR associated with this MSC will have the subscriber's data in it.